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1 official capital
1) эк. официальный [государственный\] капитал (средства из государственного бюджета, перемещаемые за рубеж или принимаемые из-за рубежа по решению правительств, а также по решению межправительственных организаций; напр., государственные займы, ссуды, гранты, помощь и т. п.; в т. ч. средства, которыми распоряжаются МВФ, Всемирный банк, ООН и другие международные организации)Ant:See:2) пол. официальная столицаThe official capital of Benin is Porto-Novo. — Официальной столицей Бенина является г. Порто-Ново.
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2 official capital
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3 official capital
Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > official capital
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4 official capital
государственный капиталАнгло-русский словарь экономических терминов > official capital
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5 official capital
Общая лексика: государственный капитал -
6 official capital
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7 official capital
English-russian dctionary of contemporary Economics > official capital
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8 official capital
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9 capital
1. n1) капитал, денежные средства и активы для финансирования деятельности компании; финансы, инвестируемые в бизнес3) столица
- account capital
- accumulated capital
- active capital
- actual capital
- added capital
- additional capital
- additional paid-in capital
- additional share capital
- adequate capital
- advanced capital
- aggregate capital
- agricultural capital
- applied capital
- associated capital
- authorized capital
- available capital
- bank capital
- banking capital
- barren capital
- basic capital
- bond capital
- borrowed capital
- business capital
- callable capital
- called capital
- called-up capital
- charter capital
- circulating capital
- commercial capital
- commodity capital
- constant capital
- consumed capital
- contributed capital
- current capital
- dead capital
- debenture capital
- debt capital
- declared capital
- depreciable capital
- disposable capital
- dormant capital
- durable capital
- employed capital
- endowment capital
- entrepreneur's capital
- equity capital
- expended capital
- farm capital
- fictitious capital
- financial capital
- fixed capital
- flight capital
- floating capital
- fluid capital
- foreign capital
- free capital
- free-floating capital
- frozen capital
- fully paid-up capital
- functioning capital
- gross working capital
- idle capital
- immobilized capital
- impaired capital
- individual capital
- industrial capital
- initial capital
- intangible capital
- intellectual capital
- interest-bearing capital
- international capital
- invested capital
- investment capital
- issued capital
- joint capital
- junior capital
- latent capital
- legal capital
- liquid capital
- live capital
- loan capital
- locked-in capital
- locked-up capital
- long-term capital
- mercantile capital
- merchant's capital
- monetary capital
- money capital
- moneyed capital
- monopoly capital
- negative working capital
- net capital
- net operating working capital
- net working capital
- nominal capital
- nonspecific capital
- nonwage capital
- official capital
- opening capital
- operating capital
- operating working capital
- ordinary capital
- original capital
- outside capital
- owned capital
- owners' capital
- ownership capital
- paid-in capital
- paid-up capital
- partner's capital
- partnership capital
- personified capital
- potential capital
- preference capital
- primary capital
- private capital
- privately owned capital
- production capital
- productive capital
- proprietary capital
- real capital
- redundant capital
- refugee capital
- registered capital
- released capital
- rented capital
- requisite capital
- reserve capital
- risk capital
- security capital
- seed capital
- senior capital
- share capital
- shareholder ownership capital
- short-term capital
- short-term working capital
- social capital
- social overhead capital
- specific capital
- spare capital
- speculative capital
- start-up capital
- state capital
- statutory capital
- stated capital
- stock capital
- stockholder ownership capital
- subscribed capital
- subscriber capital
- subsidiary capital
- sunk capital
- supplementary capital
- surplus capital
- temporary working capital
- tenant's capital
- tied up capital
- total social capital
- trading capital
- uncalled capital
- unemployed capital
- unpaid capital
- unproductive capital
- unrealized capital
- unwatered capital
- usury capital
- variable capital
- venture capital
- vested capital
- wage capital
- watered capital
- working capital
- capital of average composition
- capital of circulation
- capital of a company
- capital of a corporation
- capital of higher composition
- capital of lower composition
- capital locked up in land
- capital paid in full
- advance capital
- allocate capital
- attract capital
- attract foreign investment capital
- break into one's capital
- commit capital
- contribute capital
- convert into capital
- create capital from savings
- expend capital
- form capital
- freeze capital
- furnish capital
- increase capital
- increase the original capital
- inject fresh capital
- invest capital
- make capital by smth
- place capital
- procure capital
- provide capital
- put capital into a business
- put up capital
- raise capital
- recall capital
- recover capital
- regroup capital
- sink capital
- spend capital
- support with capital
- tie in capital
- tie up capital
- touch capital
- use capital
- water capital
- withdraw capital2. adjглавный, основной; капитальный
- capital gain
- capital lossEnglish-russian dctionary of contemporary Economics > capital
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10 capital
1. n1) столица2) эк. капитал; фонды3) эк. акционерный капитал; ценные бумаги4) капитал, капиталисты•to curb the outflow of capital — сдерживать / ограничивать утечку / отток капитала
to invest the capital in smth — вкладывать / инвестировать капитал во что-л.
- accumulation of capitalto make political capital on / out of smth — наживать политический капитал на чем-л.
- amount of capital invested
- available capital
- big capital
- capital outlays - commercial capital
- commodity capital - current capital
- domestic capital
- drop in capital inflow
- entry of foreign capital into a country
- export of capital
- finance capital
- financial capital
- fixed capital
- flight of capital out of... into...
- floating capital
- flow of capital
- foreign capital
- inflow of foreign capital
- invested capital
- loan capital
- merging of industrial and banking capital
- money capital
- monopoly capital
- movement of capital
- national capital
- official capital
- original capital
- penetration of foreign capital into a country
- private capital
- provisional capital
- ready capital
- repatriation of capital
- risk capital
- share capital
- sources of capital
- state capital
- state-monopoly capital
- stock capital
- trading capital
- transfer of capital abroad
- usury capital
- variable capital
- venture capital
- working capital 2. a1) столичный; главный ( о городе)2) главный, основной; капитальный; важнейший3) юр. караемый смертью• -
11 capital
Iaкапитальный, основной, главный, самый важныйIInIIIn1) капитал2) выгода, преимущество- make capital by smth.3) эк. капитал; фонды4) эк. акционерный капитал, ценные бумаги5) эк. товарно-торговый капитал• -
12 official reserve balance
1) межд. эк., фин. баланс [счет\] официальных резервов [расчетов\] (раздел платежного баланса, по которому отражаются операции, связанные с изменением величины официальных резервов страны, включая золотые резервы, резервы свободно конвертируемых иностранных валют, CДP, резервную позицию в МВФ)Syn:official reserve account, official settlement account, reserve transaction account, official settlement balance, reserve transaction balanceSee:balance of payments 1) balance of payments 1), official reserves, gold reserves, international reserve currency, special drawing rights, reserve position, international reserves, official reserve transactions2) межд. эк., фин. баланс официальных расчетов [резервов\] (рассчитывается как сумма сальдо по счету движения капитала, сальдо операций частного сектора по текущему счету и сальдо по счету ошибок и пропусков; образовавшийся дефицит/профицит компенсируется за счет проведения соответствующих операций с государственными резервами)Syn:See:capital account 1), current account 2)Англо-русский экономический словарь > official reserve balance
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13 international capital flows
межд. эк., фин. международное движение капитала (перемещение капитала из одной страны в другую; включает международные инвестиции и международное заимствование и кредитование; часть международного движения факторов производства)See:migration of capital, international investment, international borrowing and lending, official capital, private capital, foreign direct investment, foreign investment enterprise, international corporation, portfolio investment, real investment, financial investment, strategic investment, multinational investment, international tradeАнгло-русский экономический словарь > international capital flows
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14 eparch (The leading Byzantine government official from the 6th to the 11th century, entrusted with the authority to maintain public order and safety in Constantinople, the Byzantine capital)
Религия: эпархУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > eparch (The leading Byzantine government official from the 6th to the 11th century, entrusted with the authority to maintain public order and safety in Constantinople, the Byzantine capital)
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15 государственный капитал
Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > государственный капитал
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16 rate
1. n1) норма; размер2) ставка, тариф; такса; расценка3) курс (валюты, ценных бумаг); цена4) скорость, темп5) процент, доля; коэффициент6) разряд, сорт7) местный налог; коммунальный налог
- accident rate
- accident frequency rate
- accounting rate
- accumulated earnings tax rate
- accumulated profits tax rate
- actuarial rate
- administered rate
- ad valorem
- advertising rate
- advertisement rate
- agreed rate
- air freight rates
- all-commodity rate
- all-in rate
- amortization rate
- annual rate
- annual average growth rate
- annual interest rate
- annualized rate of growth
- annual percentage rate
- annual production rate
- anticipated rate of expenditures
- any-quantity rate
- applicable rate
- area rate
- average rate
- average rate of return
- average annual rate
- average growth rate
- average tax rate
- average weighted rate
- backwardation rate
- baggage rate
- bank rate
- bank discount rate
- bank's repurchase rate
- base rate
- base lending rate
- basic rate
- rate rate of charge
- basing rate
- basis rate
- benchmark rate
- benchmark overnight bank lending rate
- berth rate
- bill rate
- birth rate
- blanket rate
- blended rate
- bond rate
- bonus rates
- borrowing rate
- bridge rate
- broken cross rates
- broker loan rate
- bulk cargo rate
- burden rate
- buyer's rate
- buying rate
- cable rates
- call rate
- call loan rate
- call money rate
- capacity rate
- capital gain rate
- capitalization rate
- carload rate
- carrier rate
- carrying over rate
- cash rate
- ceiling rate
- central rate
- cheque rate
- check rate
- class rate
- clearing rate
- closing rate
- collection rate
- column rate
- combination rate
- combination freight rate
- combination through rate
- combined rate
- commercial bank lending rates
- commission rate
- commitment rate
- commodity rate
- common freight rate
- compensation rate
- compound growth rate
- composite rate
- concessionary interest rate
- conference rate
- consumption rate
- container rate
- contango rate
- conventional rate
- conventional rate of interest
- conversion rate
- cost rate
- coupon rate
- credit rates
- cross rate
- cross-over discount rate
- crude rate
- curb rate
- currency rate
- current rate
- current rate of exchange
- customs rate
- cutback rate
- daily rate
- daily wage rate
- day rate
- death rate
- deck cargo rate
- default rate
- demand rate
- demurrage rate
- departmental overhead rate
- deposit rate
- deposit interest rate
- depreciation rate
- discharging rates
- discount rate
- dispatch rate
- distress rate
- dividend rate
- double exchange rate
- downtime rate
- drawdown rate
- drawing rate
- dual rate
- duty rate
- earned rate
- earning rate
- economic expansion rate
- economic growth rate
- effective rate
- effective rate of return
- effective annual rate
- effective exchange rate
- effective tax rate
- employment rate
- enrollment rate
- equalizing discount rate
- equilibrium exchange rate
- equilibrium growth rate
- estimated rate
- euro-dollar exchange rate
- evaluated wage rate
- exchange rate
- exchange rate to the dollar
- existing rates
- exorbitant rate
- exorbitant interest rate
- expansion rate
- expenditure rate
- export rate
- express rate
- extraction rate
- face interest rate
- failure rate
- fair rate of exchange
- favourable rate
- final rate
- financial internal rate of return
- fine rate
- first rate
- fixed rate
- fixed rate of exchange
- fixed rate of royalty
- fixed interest rate
- flat rate
- flexible exchange rate
- floating rate
- floating exchange rate
- floating interest rate
- floating prime rate
- floor rate of exchange
- fluctuant rate
- fluctuating rate
- forced rate of exchange
- foreign rate
- foreign exchange rate
- forward rate
- forward exchange rate
- free rate
- free exchange rate
- freight rate
- future rate
- general rates
- general rate of profit
- general cargo rates
- going rate
- going market rate
- going wage rates
- goods rate
- graduated rate
- group rate
- growth rate
- guaranteed wage rate
- handling rate
- high rate
- high rate of exchange
- high rate of productivity
- higher rate
- hiring rate
- hotel rates
- hourly rate
- hourly wage rate
- hurdle rate
- illness frequency rate
- import rate
- incidence rate
- income tariff rates
- increment rate
- individual tax rate
- inflation rate
- info rate
- inland rate
- insurance rate
- insurance premium rate
- interbank rate
- interbank overnight rate
- interest rate
- interest rate on loan capital
- internal rate of return
- job rates
- jobless rate
- key rates
- labour rates
- leading rate
- legal rate of interest
- lending rate
- less-than-carload rate
- liner rates
- liner freight rates
- loading rates
- loan rate
- loan-recovery rate
- local rate
- Lombard rate
- London Interbank Offered Rate
- London money rate
- long rate
- low rate
- lower rate
- margin rate
- marginal rate
- marginal tax rate
- marine rate
- marine transport rate
- market rate
- market rate of interest
- maximum rate
- maximum individual tax rate
- mean rate of exchange
- mean annual rate
- measured day rate
- members rate
- merchant discount rate
- minimum rate
- mixed cargo rate
- minimum lending rate
- minimum tax rate
- mobilization rate
- moderate rate
- monetary exchange rate
- money rate of interest
- money market rate
- monthly rate
- monthly rate of remuneration
- mortgage rate
- mortgage interest rate
- multiple rate
- multiple exchange rate
- municipal rates
- national rate of interest
- natural rate of growth
- natural rate of interest
- negative interest rate
- net rate
- New York interbank offered rate
- nominal interest rate
- nonconference rate
- nonresponse rate
- obsolescence rate
- occupational mortality rate
- offered rate
- official rate
- official rate of discount
- official exchange rate
- one-time rate
- opening rate
- open-market rates
- operating rate
- operation rate
- option rate
- ordinary rate
- output rate
- outstripping growth rate
- overdraft rate
- overhead rate
- overnight rate
- overtime rate
- paper rate
- parallel rate
- parcel rate
- par exchange rate
- parity rate
- par price rate
- part-load rate
- passenger rate
- pay rates
- pegged rate
- pegged exchange rate
- penalty rate
- penalty interest rate
- percentage rate of tax
- per diem rates
- personal income tax rate
- piece rate
- piecework rate
- port rates
- postal rate
- posted rate
- power rate
- preferential rate
- preferential railroad rate
- preferential railway rate
- present rate
- prevailing rate
- prime rate
- priority rates
- private rate of discount
- private market rates
- production rate
- profit rate
- profitability rate
- profitable exchange rate
- progressive rate
- proportional rate
- provisional rate
- purchase rates
- purchasing rate of exchange
- quasi-market rate
- rail rates
- railroad rates
- railway rates
- real economic growth rate
- real effective exchange rate
- real exchange rate
- real interest rate
- reciprocal rate
- redemption rate
- rediscount rate
- reduced rate
- reduced tax rate
- reduced withholding tax rate
- reference rate
- refinancing rate
- reject frequency rate
- remuneration rate
- renewal rate
- rental rate
- repo rate
- response rate
- retention rate
- retirement rate of discount
- royalty rate
- ruling rate
- sampling rate
- saving rate
- scrap frequency rate
- seasonal rates
- second rate
- sellers' rate
- selling rate
- settlement rate
- shipping rate
- short rate
- short-term interest rate
- sight rate
- single consignment rate
- soft lending rate
- space rate
- special rate
- specified rate
- spot rate
- stable exchange rate
- standard rate
- standard fixed overhead rates
- standard variable overhead rates
- standard wage rate
- statutory tax rate
- steady exchange rate
- step-down interest rate
- stevedoring rates
- stock depletion rate
- straight-line rate
- subsidized rate
- survival rate
- swap rate
- tariff rate
- tax rate
- taxation rate
- tax withholding rate
- telegraphic transfer rate
- temporary rate
- third rate
- through rate
- through freight rate
- time rate
- time wage rate
- today's rate
- top rate
- total rate
- trading rate
- traffic rate
- tramp freight rate
- transit rate
- transportation rate
- treasury bill rate
- turnover rate
- two-tier rate of exchange
- unacceptable rate
- unemployment rate
- uniform rates
- uniform business rate
- unofficial rate
- unprecedented rate
- utilization rate
- variable rate
- variable interest rate
- variable repo rate
- volume rate
- wage rate
- wage rate per hour
- wastage rate
- wear rate
- wear-out rate
- wholesale rate
- worker's rate
- year-end exchange rate
- zero interest rate
- zone rate
- rate for advances against collateral
- rate for advances on securities
- rate for cable transfers
- rate for a cheque
- rates for credits
- rates for currency allocations
- rate for loans
- rate for loans on collateral
- rate for mail transfers
- rate for telegraphic transfers
- rate in the outside market
- rate of accumulation
- rates of allocation into the fund
- rate of allowance
- rate of assessment
- rate of balanced growth
- rates of cargo operations
- rate of change
- rate of charge
- rate of commission
- rate of compensation
- rate of competitiveness
- rate of conversion
- rate of corporate taxation
- rate of cover
- rate of currency
- rates of currency allocation
- rate of the day
- rate of demurrage
- rate of dependency
- rate of depletion
- rate of deposit turnover
- rate of depreciation
- rate of development
- rate of discharge
- rate of discharging
- rate of discount
- rate of dispatch
- rate of duty
- rate of exchange
- rate of expenditures
- rate of expenses
- rate of foreign exchange
- rate of freight
- rate of full value
- rate of growth
- rate of increase
- rate of increment
- rate of inflation
- rate of input
- rate of insurance
- rate of interest
- rate of interest on advance
- rate of interest on deposits
- rate of investment
- rate of issue
- rates of loading
- rates of loading and discharging
- rate of natural increase
- rates of natural loss
- rate of option
- rate of pay
- rate of premium
- rate of price inflation
- rates of a price-list
- rate of production
- rate of profit
- rate of profitability
- rate of reduction
- rate of remuneration
- rate of return
- rate of return on capital
- rate of return on the capital employed
- rate of return on net worth
- rate of royalty
- rate of securities
- rate of stevedoring operations
- rates of storage
- rate of subscription
- rate of surplus value
- rate of taxation
- rate of turnover
- rate of unloading
- rate of use
- rate of wages
- rate of work
- rates on credit
- rate on the day of payment
- rate on the exchange
- rate per hour
- rate per kilometre
- at the rate of
- at the exchange rate ruling at the transaction date
- at a growing rate
- at a high rate
- at a low rate
- at present rates
- below the rate
- accelerate the rate
- advance the rate of discount
- align tax rates
- apply tariff rates
- boost interest rates
- boost long-term interest rates
- boost short-term interest rates
- charge an interest rate
- cut rates
- cut interest rates by a quarter point
- determine a rate
- establish a rate
- fix a rate
- grant special rates
- increase rates
- maintain high interest rates
- levy rates
- liberalize interest rates
- liberalize lending rates
- lower the rate of return
- mark down the rate of discount
- mark up the rate of discount
- prescribe rates
- quote a rate
- raise a rate
- reduce a rate
- reduce turnover rates of staff
- revise rates
- set rates
- slash interest rates
- step up the rate of growth
- suspend a currency's fixed rate
- upvalue the current rate of banknotes
- slow down the rate2. v1) оценивать, определять стоимость, устанавливать цену
- rate local and offshore funds -
17 rate
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18 near cash
!гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:"consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;" "the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;" "strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and"the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:"the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and"the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)"Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and"Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.More information about DEL and AME is set out below.In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets."Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest."Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:"Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and"The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:"provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;" "enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;" "introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and"not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:"an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;" "an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;" "to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with"further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.This document was updated on 19 December 2005.Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money————————————————————————————————————————"GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money"————————————————————————————————————————GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money————————————————————————————————————————GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.———————————————————————————————————————— -
19 duty
ˈdju:tɪ сущ.
1) почтение, уважение, повиновение Many kisses from all children, and William's respectful duty. ≈ Много поцелуев от детей и почтительный поклон от Уильяма. Syn: homage, respect, submission
2) налог, пошлина, гербовый сбор customs duties ≈ таможенные пошлины
3) долг, обязательство to do one's duty ≈ исполнять свой долг civic duties ≈ гражданские обязательства ethical duty, moral duty ≈ моральный долг patriotic duties ≈ долг перед родиной Syn: obligation
4) а) служебные обязанности;
дежурство to assume a duty ≈ принимать на себя обязанность to carry out, discharge, do, perform one's duty ≈ выполнять обязанность to shirk one's duty ≈ уклоняться от выполнения обязанностей to take up one's duties ≈ приступить к своим обязанностям legal duty ≈ законное право official duties ≈ служебные обязанности painful duty ≈ неприятная обязанность professional duties ≈ профессиональные обязанности supervisory duties ≈ обязанности руководителя duty officer ≈ амер.;
воен. дежурный офицер on duty ≈ на дежурстве;
при исполнении служебных обязанностей doctor on duty ≈ дежурный врач off duty ≈ вне службы out of duty ≈ вне службы, в свободное от работы время duty journey ≈ служебная поездка, командировка Syn: office, function
1., service б) церк. служба He does Sunday duty in a neighbouring parish. ≈ Он проводил воскресную службу в соседнем приходе.
5) тех. работа, производительность, режим (машины) ;
мощность duty of water ≈ гидромодуль долг, моральное обязательство - a sence of * чувство долга - in * bound, in bounden * из чувства долга;
по долгу службы - one's * to one's country патриотический долг, долг перед родиной - one's *by smb. моральное обязательство по отношению к кому-л. - to do one's * выполнить свой долг - it's your * to do this твой долг сделать это;
ты должен /обязан/ сделать это - to shirk one's * уклоняться от выполнения своего долга - to fail in one's * не выполнить своего долга - he knows where his * lies он знает в чем состоит его долг /к чему призывает его долг/ - I shall make it my * /a point of */ to do so я буду считать своим долгом сделать это функция, обязанность - bedroom duties супружеские обязанности - the duties of a soldier обязанности солдата - * status( военное) исполнение военных обязанностей - in * status при исполнении служебных обязанностей - to do * for smb., to take smb.'s * выполнять чьи-л. обязанности, замещать кого-л. - to do * for smth. заменять что-л.;
использоваться /употребляться/ вместо чего-л. - the settee does * for a bed (разговорное) канапе служит /используется/ как кровать - to take up /to enter upon/ one's duties приступать к исполнению своих обязанностей - to assume the duties of parenthood взять на себя родительские обязанности - to return to * возвратиться к исполнению своих обязанностей - to relieve smb. of the * of doing smth. освободить кого-л. от обязанности сделать что-Л. дежурство, вахта;
пребывание на службе - * officer дежурный офицер - * list (военное) график дежурств - * roster( военное) книга /лист/ нарядов на работу - on * дежурный;
во время дежурства;
в служебное время;
на службе - to be on * дежурить;
находиться при исполнении служебных обязанностей - I am on * for the week я дежурю /на дежурстве/ в течение недели - to go on * приступить к дежурству /несению дежурства/ - to be off * быть свободным, не дежурить - to come off * сдать дежурство, смениться - to hand over * to smb. сдать дежурство кому-л. - to have the * (морское) нести вахту, стоять на часах - to pull * нести дежурство, быть на дежурстве - to be on temporare * (американизм) быть в командировке (церковное) служба - ministerial /clerical/ * церковная служба воинская повинность миссия, задача - the duties of infantry задачи пехоты - the chief duties of reconnaissance aircraft основные задачи разведывательной авиации (книжное) почтение, уважение, почтительность - to pay one's * to smb. оказывать почтение кому-л. - to present one's * to smb. свидетельствовать свое почтение кому-л. - in * to your wishes из уважения к вашим желаниям, уважая ваши желания гербовый сбор, налог, пошлина - customs duties таможенные пошлины - excise duties акцизный сбор - export duties вывозная пошлина - * ad valorem пошлина, взимаемая (в процентах) со стоимости товара - stamp * почтовый сбор - liable to * подлежащий обложению - to lay /to levy/ duties on smth. обложить что-л. налогом - to take the * off goods освободить товары от обложения налогом (детское) (разговорное) " большие дела" - have you done your *? ты сделал свои дела? ты сделал по-большому? (техническое) производительность (котла, насоса и т. п.) ;
мощность;
полезная работа (машины) режим загрузки или работы (машины, конструкции) - heavy /severe/ * тяжелая условия работы - continuous * длительный режим( сельскохозяйственное) гидромодуль (тж. * of water) ad valorem ~ пошлина, пропорциональная стоимости товара ad valorem ~ пошлина "ад валорем";
стоимостный тариф additional ~ дополнительная обязанность additional ~ дополнительный сбор alcohol excise ~ акцизный сбор за продажу алкогольных напитков allotment ~ распределительный налог antidumping ~ антидемпинговая пошлина back ~ дополнительный сбор basic ~ основной сбор betting ~ тотализаторный налог capital ~ налог на капитал civic ~ гражданская обязанность civic ~ гражданский долг compensatory ~ копенсационная пошлина (ЕЭС) consumer loan ~ налог на потребительскую ссуду consumer loan interest ~ налог на проценты потребительской ссуды contingent ~ условная обязанность contract stamp ~ сбор за биржевую печать countervailing ~ эк. компенсационная пошлина countervailing ~ компенсационная таможенная пошлина customs ~ таможенная пошлина customs ~ таможенный сбор day ~ повседневные обязанности differential ~ дифференциальная пошлина ~ долг, обязанность;
to do one's duty исполнять свой долг on ~ на дежурстве;
при исполнении служебных обязанностей;
doctor on duty дежурный врач donation ~ налог на дарение duty вахта ~ гербовый сбор ~ дежурство ~ долг, обязанность;
to do one's duty исполнять свой долг ~ задание ~ задача ~ моральное обязательство ~ налог ~ обязанность ~ поручение ~ почтение;
he sends his duty to you он свидетельствует вам свое почтение ~ пошлина;
гербовый сбор;
customs duties таможенные пошлины ~ пошлина ~ тех. работа, производительность, режим (машины) ;
мощность;
duty of water с.-х. гидромодуль ~ служба ~ служебные обязанности;
дежурство;
to take up one's duties приступить к своим обязанностям ~ функция ~ attr. дежурный;
duty officer амер. воен. дежурный офицер ~ attr. официальный;
duty call официальный визит ~ attr. служебный;
duty journey служебная поездка, командировка ~ attr. официальный;
duty call официальный визит ~ attr. служебный;
duty journey служебная поездка, командировка ~ list воен. график дежурств list: ~ список, перечень, реестр;
инвентарь;
to enter in a list вносить в список;
to make a list составлять список;
duty list расписание дежурств ~ of attendance обязанность присутствовать ~ of care обязанность проявлять внимание ~ of care обязанность соблюдать осторожность ~ of custody обязанность взять на хранение ~ of diligence обязанность проявлять старательность ~ of discovery обязанность предоставлять документы ~ of giving evidence обязанность давать свидетельские показания ~ of loyalty обязанность соблюдать закон ~ of obedience обязанность подчиняться ~ of payment обязанность производить платежи ~ of public consultation обязанность проводить консультации с общественностью ~ of reversion обязанность поворота прав ~ of service воинская обязанность ~ of service служебная обязанность ~ тех. работа, производительность, режим (машины) ;
мощность;
duty of water с.-х. гидромодуль ~ attr. дежурный;
duty officer амер. воен. дежурный офицер officer: duty ~ лицо, собирающее пошлину ~ on capital flows налог на движение капитала ~ on capital flows налог на перелив капитала ~ on consumer loans налог на потребительские ссуды ~ on exports экспортная пошлина ~ on goods in bond сбор с товара, сложенного на таможенном складе до уплаты пошлины ~ on imports and exports пошлина на ввоз и вывоз ~ on shares налог на акции ~ on spirits налог на спиртные напитки ~ to act обязанность действовать ~ to declare обязанность предъявлять вещи, облагаемые пошлиной ~ to deduct обязанность производить удержание ~ to disclose all material facts обязанность сообщать все существенные факты ~ to fence обязанность установить ограждение ~ to file tax returns обязанность представлять налоговую декларацию ~ to give notice обязанность направлять уведомление ~ to inform обязанность сообщать информацию ~ to keep accounts обязанность вести бухгалтерский учет ~ to keep fences in repair обязанность поддерживать ограждение в исправном состоянии ~ to keep secret обязанность хранить тайну ~ to limit damage обязанность ограничивать причиняемый ущерб ~ to live together сем.право обязанность совместного проживания ~ to make statement обязанность делать заявление ~ to mitigate losses обязанность смягчать последствия ущерба ~ to notify обязанность извещать ~ to notify обязанность уведомлять ~ to prove title обязанность подтверждать право ~ to register обязанность проводить регистрацию ~ to save insured property from damage обязанность беречь застрахованное имущество от повреждения ~ to save up обязанность проявлять бережливость ~ to support somebody обязанность содержать кого-либо estate ~ налог на наследство, наследственная пошлина estate ~ налог на наследство estate: ~ duty налог на наследство excess profits ~ налог на сверхприбыль excise ~ акциз, акцизный сбор excise ~ акциз excise ~ акцизный сбор export ~ экспортная пошлина export: ~ attr. экспортный, вывозной;
export duty экспортная пошлина external rate of ~ ставка таможенной пошлины extra ~ дополнительная пошлина extra: ~ добавочный, дополнительный;
extra duty дополнительные обязанности field ~ служба в действующей армии financial ~ финансовый сбор fiscal ~ налог. финансовый сбор flat-rate excise ~ акцизный сбор с фиксированной ставкой forest preservation ~ налог на охрану лесов freedom from ~ освобождение от пошлины handing over ~ сбор за доставку ~ почтение;
he sends his duty to you он свидетельствует вам свое почтение import ~ импортная пошлина import ~ таможенная пошлина на ввозимые товары income tax ~ подоходный налог inland ~ налог внутри страны internal customs ~ таможенная пошлина внутри страны internal ~ внутренний сбор investment ~ налог на капиталовложения legacy ~ налог на наследство legacy ~ наследственная пошлина legal ~ договорная обязанность legal ~ обязанность, налагаемая правом;
правовая обязанность levy a ~ взимать налог minimum ~ минимальная пошлина motor vehicle ~ налог на автотранспортное средство neglect a ~ не выполнять обязанности night ~ ночная служба night ~ ночная смена night ~ ночной режим night: night attr. ночной, вечерний;
night duty ночное дежурство;
night and day всегда, непрестанно nonrecurring ~ разовая пошлина off ~ вне службы official ~ служебная обязанность on active ~ на действительной службе on ~ на дежурстве;
при исполнении служебных обязанностей;
doctor on duty дежурный врач on ~ на дежурстве on ~ на службе out of ~ вне службы, в свободное от работы время pay ~ платить налог pay ~ платить пошлину petrol ~ налог на нефть preferential ~ дифференциальная пошлина preferential ~ преференциальный таможенный тариф production ~ налог на производство professional ~ профессиональная обязанность prohibitive ~ запретительная пошлина prohibitory ~ запретительная пошлина protective ~ покровительственная пошлина protective ~ протекционистская пошлина public ~ общественная обязанность public ~ общественный долг real estate ~ налог на недвижимость release ~ налог на разблокированную сумму retaliatory customs ~ карательная таможенная пошлина revenue ~ фискальная пошлина royalty ~ лицензионный платеж sales ~ сбор за продажу sales ~ торговая пошлина social ~ общественный долг special ~ специальная пошлина special excise ~ специальный акцизный сбор specific ~ производительность на единицу мощности specific ~ специфическая пошлина specific ~ удельная производительность stamp ~ гербовый сбор subsidiary ~ дополнительные обязанности succession ~ налог на наследуемую недвижимость succession: ~ attr.: ~ duty налог на наследство;
the Succession States ист. государства, образовавшиеся после распада Австро-Венгрии supervisory ~ контрольная обязанность ~ служебные обязанности;
дежурство;
to take up one's duties приступить к своим обязанностям tobacco ~ налог на табачные изделия transfer ~ гербовый сбор при передаче права собственности transit ~ транзитная пошлина troop ~ воен. строевая служба varying ~ вчт. переменный режим -
20 balance
1. сущ.1) остаток, сальдо, балансATTRIBUTES: opening, closing, brought down, carried down, brought forward, carried forward, average, negative, positive, previous, running, current, net, gross, reserved, daily, monthly
COMBS:
balance of $10 — остаток в размере 10 долл.
A company had an opening inventory balance of $375,000 at the beginning of the fiscal year and a closing inventory balance at year-end of $125,000. — Остаток (товарно-материальных) запасов компании на начало отчетного периода составил 375 тыс. долл., а на конец периода — 125 тыс. долл.
balance on deposit — остаток на вкладе [на депозите\]
to draw up [make up\] balance — подводить итог, сводить баланс, выводить сальдо
to carry balance forward [down\], to carry forward [down\] balance, to carry over balance, to bring down balance — переносить остаток
to show balance — показывать баланс [остаток\]
See:average balance, negative balance, positive balance, deficit, surplus, account balance 1), balance brought down, balance brought forward, balance carried down, balance due, balance of profit, balance of retained earnings, balance on hand, balance on order, book balance 1) а), cash balance, closing balance, credit balance 1) а), debit balance 1) а), intercompany balance, opening balance, balance column, direct test of financial balance, on balanceб) фин., банк. (сумма, оставшаяся на расчетном, кредитном или ином счете, напр., непогашенная часть займа, невыплаченная задолженность покупателя по поставленным товарам и т. п.; во мн. числе — остатки на счетах, активы, авуары)ATTRIBUTES: low, high, due 2., unpaid, outstanding, adjusted, compensatory, compensation, available balance, usable, collected, uncollected, vested, clearing, unexpended, unclaimed, precautionary
dollar balance — долларовый баланс; остаток на счете в долларах
dollar balances — долларовые активы; остатки на счетах в долларах, долларовые счета, долларовые авуары
sterling balance — стерлинговый баланс, остаток на счете в фунтах-стерлингах
sterling balances — стерлинговые активы, остатки на счетах в фунтах-стерлингах, стерлинговые счета, стерлинговые авуары
to update balance — вывести новый остаток на счете, обновить остаток [баланс\]
He accumulated a healthy balance with the savings bank. — Он накопил значительные средства в сберегательном банке.
See:account balance 2), available balance, balance due, balance of debt, book balance 2) б), cash balance, cleared balance, collected balance, compensating balance, credit balance 2) б), deficit balance 2), loan balance, outstanding balance, past due balance, previous balance, remaining balance, 1) б), unclaimed balances, uncollected balance, unexpended balances, unpaid balance, vested balance, zero balance, minimum balance requirement, no-minimum balance account, adjusted balance method, daily balance method, low balance method, zero-balance account COMBS: adjusted balance method, average daily balance method, past due balance method, previous balance methodв) межд. эк., фин. ( разность между стоимостью экспорта и импорта)ATTRIBUTES: active, favourable, passive, adverse, unfavourable, negative, positive
balance of current transactions — баланс текущих операций, сальдо по текущим сделкам
See:adverse balance, balance of merchandise trade, balance of payments, balance of services, balance of trade, balance on capital account, balance on current account, balance on goods and services, capital account balance, current account balance, deficit balance 1), favourable balance, foreign trade balance, goods and services balance, invisible balance, official reserves balance 2)г) эк. (разница между любыми др. противоположно направленными потоками; напр., разница между денежными поступлениями и выплатами за определенный промежуток времени, разница между миграционными потоками, остаток товаров на складе и т. д.)ATTRIBUTES: unencumbered, unobligated, on hand, on order, marginal
See:balance of migration, budget balance, in-stock balance, investment income balance, inventory balance, migration balance, unencumbered balance, unobligated balances2) учет, редк. баланс (документ, содержащий данные о разнонаправленных потоках, а также их сальдо; в данном значении термин употребляется в основном в устойчивых словосочетаниях)See:balance of payments 1), balance of services 1), balance of trade 1), balance sheet, commodity balance, external balance 1) б), foreign balance, official reserves balance 1), trial balance3)а) общ. баланс, равновесие (в прямом и переносном смысле: соответствие, равенство, пропорциональность, гармоническое сочетание)to distort [to disturb, to upset\] balance — нарушать равновесие
to upset balance of smth. — выводить что-л. из состояния равновесия
to hold balance — поддерживать равновесие (также: осуществлять власть, контроль)
to bring in balance with smth. — привести в соответствие с чем-л.
to observe balance — поддерживать баланс, соблюдать баланс
to be out of balance — выйти из равновесия, находиться в неравновесном состоянии
See:balance of power, balance of terror, stock balance 1), batch balance, advertising balance, cost-effectiveness, work-life balance, informal balance, formal balance, symmetrical balance, asymmetrical balance, social balance, colour balance, external balance 1) а), internal balance, balance of births and deaths, materials balance approach, general balance law, on balanceб) учет баланс, равенство (напр., численное совпадение общих остатков (оборотов) по дебету с общими остатками (оборотами) по кредиту по всем счетам бухгалтерского учета)See:4) торг. весы (инструмент для взвешивания чего-л.)torsion balance — крутильные весы, электрические весы Кулон
See:5) общ. баланс, уравновешивающая силаSee:COMBS: checks and balances2. гл.1) общ. балансировать, сбалансировать, уравновешивать, приводить в равновесиеto balance the budget — балансировать бюджет, составлять сбалансированный бюджет
to balance foreign trade — балансировать внешнюю торговлю; приводить в соответствие экспорт и импорт
If America wants to balance trade, it must export more, or use less oil. — Если Америка хочет сбалансировать торговлю, она должна больше экспортировать или потреблять меньше нефти.
See:2) учет выводить сальдо, подводить итог, подытоживать, сводить, закрыватьto balance the books — закрыть счета, вывести сальдо, подвести итог (по балансу)
At the end of your accounting year, you will have to balance the books for tax purposes and to check on the financial health of the company. — В конце отчетного периода вы должны будете подвести итоги по балансу для целей налогообложения и проверить финансовое состояние компании.
to balance (one's) gain and loss — подводить итог (чьим-л.) приходу и расходу [прибылям и убыткам\]
Accounts do not balance (total debits don’t equal total credits). — Счета не сходятся (сумма дебетовых сальдо не равна сумме кредитовых сальдо).
Syn:See:3) банк. выверять, согласовывать (выверять состояние банковского счета путем сравнения банковской выписки со счета с чековой книжкой или учетными записями клиента)Syn:See:4) эк. компенсировать(ся); нейтрализовать(ся), противопоставлять(ся), взаимопогашать(ся)Syn:5) общ. взвешивать, обдумывать; сопоставлятьSee:3. прил.1) учет балансовый ( относящийся к бухгалтерскому балансу)Syn:See:2) общ. балансовый (основанный на равенстве (равновесии, балансе) отдельных частей)See:3) учет, бирж. итоговый, сальдовый, остаточный, балансовыйSee:
* * *
Bal balance баланс: 1) баланс, сальдо, остаток; 2) разница между дебетом и кредитом счета; остаток денег на счете; см. credit balance; 3) to balance - рассчитывать разницу между дебетом и кредитом; выравнивать дебет и кредит счета; 4) балансовая стоимость актива или пассива; 5) = balance sheet; 6) = balance due.* * *статок; сальдо. . Словарь экономических терминов .
См. также в других словарях:
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